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Carbon monoxide binds very strongly to the iron atoms in hemoglobin, the principal oxygen-carrying compound in blood. The affinity between CO and hemoglobin is 200 times stronger than the affinity between hemoglobin and oxygen. When CO binds to the hemoglobin it cannot be released nearly as readily as oxygen would be. The preferential binding of carbon monoxide to heme iron is the main reason for carbon

Scanning tunneling microscope From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Image of reconstruction on a clean Gold (100)  surface An STM image of a single-walled  carbon nanotube A  scanning tunneling microscope  ( STM ) is an instrument for imaging surfaces at the atomic level. Its development in 1981 earned its inventors,  Gerd Binnig  and  Heinrich Rohrer  (at  IBM  Zürich), the  Nobel Prize in Physics  in 1986. [1] [2]  For an STM, good resolution is considered to be 0.1  nm  lateral resolution and 0.01 nm depth resolution. [3]  With this resolution, individual atoms within materials are routinely imaged and manipulated. The STM can be used not only in ultra-high vacuum but also in air, water, and various other liquid or gas ambients, and at temperatures ranging from near  zero kelvin to a few hundred degrees Celsius. [4] The STM is based on the concept of  quantum tunneling . When a conducting tip is brought very near to the surface to be examined, a  bias

Physicists develop way to identify molecules by vibrational signatures Professor Wilson Ho, center, and graduate students Mohammad Rezaei, left, and Barry Stipe show off their "homemade" scanning tunneling microscope in a basement laboratory in Clark Hall. The instrument, enclosed in a vacuum chamber and cooled by liquid helium, is precise enough to resolve parts of molecules.  Frank DiMeo/University Photography By Bill Steele Ever since the invention in 1982 of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM), which can see single atoms, scientists have been trying to use the instrument to examine the bonds that hold atoms together in molecules. In a significant advance, a team of Cornell physicists has successfully made a measurement of the frequency at which atoms in a bond are vibrating against each other in a single molecule of acetylene. The research for the first time provides a way to identify single molecules by their vibrational signatures and to study how their bo

THERMAL REACTOR DESIGN - TO REDUCE CO IN EXHAUST uses 1. When the exhaust gas is mixed with the additional secondary gas that is oxygen..the CO is converted into CO2 so that we can reduce the pollution at-least to some extant 2. When these gases passes through the baffle section, the carbon particles are settled down 3. In normal mufflers the single compartment is present, but in our new design we had three compartments so that the back pressure is reduced so that the flow exhaust gas is eased. then the deposited carbon particles are removed by electrode connections 4. But the electrode connection is also failure to some extant. It cant remove all the particles 5. The sound is reduced due to baffle arrangement in zig-zag motion. 6. the main important thing is to reduce heat and sound too. It is done by insulating fiber " GLASS ROD". It controls upto 600 celcius 7. the main theme of our project is to reduce heat, sound, and pollution to some extan